L’Etoile and her colleagues wanted to investigate whether this also applied to C. Research on many species, including fruit flies 2, bees 3, rodents 4 and humans has shown that sleep is essential for long-term memory. “This brings cellular resolution to a question that’s ancient”, namely what is the purpose of sleep and how is it linked to memory, says study co-author Noelle L’Etoile, a cell biologist at the University of California, San Francisco. The findings, published in Cell on 2 June 1, pave the way for scientists to delve more into the processes that occur at the cellular and molecular level during sleep.

But disturbing their sleep prevents crucial changes to their nervous system that are involved in forming long-lasting memories. elegans) nematodes can still remember to do so after 16 hours, as long as their post-training nap is uninterrupted. When trained to avoid a sweet scent, Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. Roundworms need a good night’s sleep to maintain the memories associated with particular smells, a study suggests. Credit: Steve Gschmeissner/Science Photo Library elegans worms have a critical sleep window of 1–2 hours after odour training, during which they solidify their memories.

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